Ad fraud is a type of scam in which criminals use various tactics to trick advertisers into paying for fake or non-existent advertising. Some common types of ad fraud include:

  1. Click fraud: This is a form of ad fraud in which criminals use bots or other automated tools to generate fake clicks on advertisements. This can be done to inflate the number of clicks an ad receives, which can trick advertisers into paying more for the ad.
  2. Impression fraud: This is a form of ad fraud in which criminals use bots or other automated tools to generate fake impressions on advertisements. This can be done to inflate the number of impressions an ad receives, which can trick advertisers into paying more for the ad.
  3. Domain spoofing: This is a form of ad fraud in which criminals create fake websites or URLs that mimic legitimate websites. This can be done to trick advertisers into thinking that their ads are being displayed on reputable websites, when in reality they are being shown on fake or low-quality websites.
  4. Ad stacking: This is a form of ad fraud in which criminals place multiple ads on top of each other on a single webpage. This can be done to trick advertisers into thinking that their ads are being displayed prominently on a webpage, when in reality they are being obscured by other ads.

Ad fraud is a major problem in the online advertising industry, and it can be difficult to detect and prevent. As a result, it is important for advertisers to be aware of the various forms of ad fraud and to take steps to protect themselves from it.